Linux Libcurl
libcurl – the multiprotocol file transfer library
curl / libcurl overview
libcurl is a free and easy-to-use client-side URL transfer
library, supporting DICT, FILE, FTP, FTPS, GOPHER, GOPHERS, HTTP, HTTPS,
IMAP, IMAPS, LDAP, LDAPS, MQTT, POP3, POP3S, RTMP, RTMPS, RTSP, SCP, SFTP,
SMB, SMBS, SMTP, SMTPS, TELNET and TFTP. libcurl supports SSL
certificates, HTTP POST, HTTP PUT, FTP uploading, HTTP form based upload,
proxies, HTTP/2, HTTP/3, cookies, user+password authentication (Basic,
Digest, NTLM, Negotiate, Kerberos), file transfer resume, proxy
tunneling and more!
libcurl is highly portable, it builds and works identically on numerous
platforms, including Solaris, NetBSD, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, Darwin, HPUX, IRIX,
AIX, Tru64, Linux, UnixWare, HURD, Windows, Amiga, OS/2, BeOs, Mac OS X,
Ultrix, QNX, OpenVMS, RISC OS, Novell NetWare, DOS and more…
libcurl is free, thread-safe, IPv6 compatible, feature rich, well supported, fast, thoroughly
documented and is already used by many known, big and successful companies.
Download
Go to the regular curl download page and get the
latest curl package, or one of the specific libcurl packages listed.
API
You use libcurl with the provided C API. The curl team works
hard to keep the API and ABI stable.
If you prefer using libcurl from your other favorite language, chances are
there’s already a binding written for it.
Howto
Check out our using libcurl page for general hints and
advice, the free HTTP client library
comparison. or read the comparisons against libwww and WinInet.
libcurl is probably the most portable, most powerful and most often used
network transfer library on this planet.
How to install libcurl – Unix & Linux Stack Exchange
I am trying to use libcurl in a c++ program on a Raspberry Pi running GNU/Linux Debian Stretch.
To find all installed curl packages:
dpkg-query -l curl | grep ‘^. i’
which returns
curl
libcurl3:armhf
libcurl3-gnutls:arm
Running
curl-config –cflags
returns that there is no such command. A program with a declaration:
#include “curl/curl. h”
and compiling and linking with
g++ -o test -lcurl
returns that there is no such “curl/curl. h” file. All the tutorials claim that curl-config is installed with curl. I didn’t install curl; it is included in the distribution. Running the command
curl -I
returns correct data.
asked Jun 28 ’18 at 20:56
You need to install the package libcurl-dev for development.
From
Virtual Package: libcurl-dev
This is a virtual package. See the Debian policy for a definition of
virtual packages.
Packages providing libcurl-dev
libcurl4-gnutls-dev
development files and documentation for libcurl (GnuTLS flavour)
libcurl4-nss-dev
development files and documentation for libcurl (NSS flavour)
libcurl4-openssl-dev
development files and documentation for libcurl (OpenSSL flavour)
Jeff Schaller♦60. 6k32 gold badges94 silver badges214 bronze badges
answered Jun 28 ’18 at 21:03
Rui F RibeiroRui F Ribeiro51. 5k22 gold badges130 silver badges205 bronze badges
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cURL – Wikipedia
cURLExample output from curl -OOriginal author(s)Daniel Stenberg[1]Developer(s)Contributors to the cURL projectInitial release1996; 25 years ago[2]Stable release7. 79. 1[3]
/ 22 September 2021; 15 days
Written inCOperating system
AIX
AmigaOS
BeOS
Chrome NaCl
DOS
DragonFly BSD
FreeBSD
GNU-Darwin
HPUX
Haiku
Hurd
IRIX
Linux
macOS
MiNT
Midnight BSD
Minix
NetBSD
NetWare
Nexenta
OS/2
Open Server
OpenBSD
Plan9
QNX
RISC OS
Solaris
Syllable
Tru64 UNIX
UnixWare
VMS
Microsoft Windows
z/OS
PlatformCross-platformTypeFTP client / HTTP clientLicensecurl[4][5]
cURL (pronounced like “curl”, /kɜːl/[6]) is a computer software project providing a library (libcurl) and command-line tool (curl) for transferring data using various network protocols. The name stands for “Client URL”, [7] which was first released in 1996. [8]
History[edit]
cURL was first released in 1996. [8] It was originally named get and then became urlget before adopting the current name of cURL. [9][10] The original author and lead developer is the Swedish developer Daniel Stenberg, who created cURL because he wanted to automate the fetching of currency exchange rates for IRC users. [2]
libcurl[edit]
libcurl is a free client-side URL transfer library, [11] supporting cookies, DICT, FTP, FTPS, Gopher, HTTP/1[12] (with HTTP/2 and HTTP/3 support), HTTP POST, HTTP PUT, HTTP proxy tunneling, HTTPS, IMAP, Kerberos, LDAP, MQTT, POP3, RTSP, RTMP, SCP, SMTP, and SMB. The library supports the file URI scheme, SFTP, Telnet, TFTP, file transfer resume, FTP uploading, HTTP form-based upload, HTTPS certificates, LDAPS, proxies, and user-plus-password authentication. [13]
The libcurl library is portable. It builds and works identically on many platforms, including AIX, AmigaOS, Android, BeOS, BlackBerry Tablet OS and BlackBerry 10, [14] OpenVMS, Darwin, DOS, FreeBSD, HP-UX, HURD, iOS, IRIX, Linux, macOS, NetBSD, NetWare, OpenBSD, OS/2, QNX Neutrino, RISC OS, Solaris, Symbian, Tru64, Ultrix, UnixWare, and Microsoft Windows.
The libcurl library is free, thread-safe and IPv6 compatible. Bindings are available for more than 50 languages, including C/C++, Java, PHP and Python. [16]
The libcurl library supports GnuTLS, mbed TLS, NSS, gskit on IBM i, SChannel on Windows, Secure Transport on macOS and iOS, SSL/TLS through OpenSSL, Boringssl, libressl, AmiSSL, wolfSSL, BearSSL, Mesalink and rustls. [citation needed]
cURL[edit]
cURL is a command-line tool for getting or sending data including files using URL syntax. Since cURL uses libcurl, it supports every protocol libcurl supports. [13]
cURL supports HTTPS and performs SSL certificate verification by default when a secure protocol is specified such as HTTPS. When cURL connects to a remote server via HTTPS, it will obtain the remote server certificate, then check against its CA certificate store the validity of the remote server to ensure the remote server is the one it claims to be. Some cURL packages are bundled with CA certificate store file. There are several options to specify a CA certificate such as –cacert and –capath. The –cacert option can be used to specify the location of the CA certificate store file. In the Windows platform, if a CA certificate file is not specified, cURL will look for a CA certificate file name “” in the following order:
Directory where the cURL program is located.
Current working directory.
Windows system directory.
Windows directory.
Directories specified in the%PATH% environment variables. [17]
cURL will return an error message if the remote server is using a self-signed certificate, or if the remote server certificate is not signed by a CA listed in the CA cert file. -k or –insecure option can be used to skip certificate verification. Alternatively, if the remote server is trusted, the remote server CA certificate can be added to the CA certificate store file.
Examples[edit]
Basic use of cURL involves simply typing curl at the command line, followed by the URL of the output to retrieve:
cURL defaults to displaying the output it retrieves to the standard output specified on the system (usually the terminal window). So running the command above would, on most systems, display the source-code in the terminal window. The -o flag can be used to store the output in a file instead:
$ curl -o
More options that change the tool’s behavior are available.
See also[edit]
curl-loader – an open-source testing tool based on cURL
libwww – an early library that comes with a command line interface
PowerShell – the iwr (Invoke-WebRequest) Windows PowerShell had functionality akin to curl; class Web-client too. [18]
Web crawler – an internet bot that can crawl the web
Wget – similar command-line tool with no associated library but capable of recursive downloading.
References[edit]
^ Stenberg, Daniel (20 March 2015). “curl, 17 years old today”. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
^ a b “History of curl – How curl Became Like This”. curl. Archived from the original on September 30, 2017. Retrieved November 17, 2016. Daniel simply adopted an existing command-line open-source tool, get, that Brazilian Rafael Sagula had written and recently release version 0. 1 of. After a few minor adjustments, it did just what he needed. […] HttpGet 1. 0 was released on April 8th 1997 with brand new HTTP proxy support. […] Stenberg was spending time writing an IRC bot for an Amiga related channel on EFnet. He then came up with the idea to make currency-exchange calculations available to Internet Relay Chat (IRC) users.
^ “Release 7. 1”. 22 September 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2021.
^ “curl License”.
^ “curl – copyright”.
^ “curl – Frequently Asked Questions”.
^ Stenberg, Daniel. “Origin of the name”. Retrieved 2018-04-25.
^ a b “History of curl”. Archived from the original on September 29, 2021.
^ “Changelog”. 4 January 2020. Retrieved 4 January 2020. The first curl release. The tool was named urlget before this. And get before that.
^ Stenberg, Daniel (4 January 2020). “Restored complete curl changelog” (html). Haxx Se. Retrieved 2 January 2020.
^ Jones, M. Tim (8 September 2009). “Conversing through the Internet with cURL and libcurl – Using libcurl with C and Python”. IBM Developerworks. Archived from the original on 14 April 2015. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
^ Stenberg, Daniel (5 August 2019). “09: disable HTTP/0. 9 by default in both tool and library”. GitHub. Archived from the original (html) on 5 August 2019. Retrieved 5 August 2019. As the plan has been laid out in Deprecated. Update docs accordingly and verify in test 1174.
^ a b “curl – How To Use”.
^ “Open Source Components for the Native SDK for BlackBerry Tablet OS”. Archived from the original on 2013-01-27. Retrieved 2017-09-19.
^ “libcurl bindings”.
^ “curl – SSL CA Certificates”.
^ Del, Ryan (2 March 2018). “Comandi equivalenti a cURL e Wget per Windows command-line con Powershell” [cURL and Wget equivalent commands for Windows command-line with Powershell] (html). Ryadel (in Italian). Per emulare il comportamento del comando Linux cURL, è sufficiente creare un file 1 contenente la seguente riga di codice
External links[edit]
Official website
Comparison of cURL vs other open source download tools
Comparison of cURL vs wget
Frequently Asked Questions about linux libcurl
What is Libcurl in Linux?
libcurl. libcurl is a free client-side URL transfer library, supporting cookies, DICT, FTP, FTPS, Gopher, HTTP/1 (with HTTP/2 and HTTP/3 support), HTTP POST, HTTP PUT, HTTP proxy tunneling, HTTPS, IMAP, Kerberos, LDAP, MQTT, POP3, RTSP, RTMP, SCP, SMTP, and SMB. … The libcurl library is portable.
Where is Libcurl installed on Linux?
In order to compile with cURL, you need libcurl header files (. h files). They are usually found in /usr/include/curl . They generally are bundled in a separate development package.Jan 13, 2018
What is the difference between curl and Libcurl?
1 Answer. cURL is the package, and can include both the command line curl.exe application and the libcurl DLL “library”, the latter one being something that’s used by other applications.Oct 3, 2012
